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Hábitos saludables: la clave para disminuir el riesgo del cáncer colorrectal

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Hábitos saludables: la clave para disminuir el riesgo del cáncer colorrectal Authors: García Ayala, Fernando Daniel; Ayala Madrigal, María de la Luz; Gutiérrez Angulo, Melva Abstract: El cáncer colorrectal es una amenaza silenciosa. Diversos estudios internacionales han demostrado que llevar un estilo de vida saludable puede reducir significativamente el riesgo de desarrollarlo. La actividad física regular, la dieta rica en frutas, verduras, fibra y el control del peso son aliados fundamentales. Por otro lado, el consumo elevado de carnes rojas y procesadas, alcohol, fumar y la obesidad son factores que incrementan la probabilidad de alteraciones genómicas y desarrollo de este cáncer. Con base en evidencia científica, se recomienda adoptar hábitos saludables, fomentar la actividad física para proteger nuestra salud y disminuir el riesgo de esta enfermedad. Description: Artículo

Characterization of Screening Strategies for Lynch Syndrome in Latin America

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Characterization of Screening Strategies for Lynch Syndrome in Latin America Authors: Campos Segura, Anthony Vladimir; Alvarez, Karin; Murillo Carrasco, Alexis German; Rossi, Benedito Mauro; Bohorquez, Mabel; Spirandelli, Florencia; Benavides, Claudio; Balto, Aina; Della Valle, Adriana; Bruno, Luisina Inés; Lopez Kostner, Francisco; Cruz Correa, Marcia; Sanchez Del Monte, Julio; Rugeles, Jorge; Ramirez, Jesica Magalí; Nascimento, Ivana; Manoukian Forones, Nora; Cock Rada, Alicia Maria; Reyes Silva, Carlos; Avila, Silvia; Apolinario, Leandro; Rossi, Norma Teresa; Martin, Claudia; Sulcahuaman, Yasser; Vaccaro, Carlos Alberto; Castro Mujica, Maria del Carmen; Muñeton Peña, Carlos Mario; Bicalho Assis, Roseane; Silveira Lucas, Elizabeth; Badir, Chahuan; Velez Bohorquez, Daniel; Boggio, Gaston; Spirandelli, Enrique; Neffa, Florencia; Esperon, Patricia; Carusso, Florencia; Vergara, Carolina; Amat, Mora; Pombo, María Teresa; Noro, Laura; De la Fuente, Marjorie; Canales, Tamara; Cassana, Alessandra; Carrasco Avino, Gonzalo; Pérez Mayoral, Julyann; Gonzalez Pons, Maria; Hernández Guerrero, Angélica; Vidal Millán, Silvia; Furfuro, Sandra Beatriz; Bonfim Machado Lopes, Taisa Manuela; Bomfim Palma, Thais Ferreira; Cortes Freitas, Juliana; Pereira Toralles, Maria Betânia; Ferreira Melo, Thamara Claudia; Marques Pimenta, Celia Aparecida; Palacios Fuenmayor, Luis José; Galvez Salazar, Gabriela; Jaramillo Koupermann, Gabriela; Torres, Mariella; Hernán Pavicic, Walter; Herrando, Ignacio Alberto; Santino, Juan Pablo; Ferro, Fabiana Alejandra; Afanador Ayala, Carlos; Drumond Louro, Luri; Conedera, Silvio; Kristensen, Vessela; Tardin Torrezan, Giovana; Dominguez Barrera, Constantino; Ayala Madrigal, María de la Luz; Gutierrez Angulo, Melva; Wernhoff, Patrik; Hovig, Eivind; Plazzer, John-Paul; Møller, Pål; Balavarca, Yesilda; Dominguez Valentin, Mev Abstract: Background & Aims In Latin America, genetic testing for Lynch syndrome (LS) has been partially implemented. Traditionally, LS diagnosis relied on the Amsterdam criteria and Bethesda guidelines, collectively known as traditional screening (TS). However, TS may miss up to 68% of LS cases. To improve detection rates, universal tumor screening (UTS) has been introduced. UTS involves screening all newly diagnosed patients with colorectal cancer for molecular markers to more effectively identify LS cases. Methods Clinical and molecular data on 1684 patients with colorectal cancer, collected between 1999 and 2020, were provided by 24 Latin American genetic cancer registries and centers. Germline genetic testing was not consistently performed across all cases. Results LS screening strategies were available for 72% (1209/1684) of cases, with germline testing conducted in one-quarter (304/1209) of these. Most cases (78%; n = 943) underwent UTS, primarily in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, whereas 22% (266/1209) were screened through TS. UTS identified deficient mismatch repair tumors in 29% (272/943) of cases. The rate of LS confirmed by sequencing was higher with UTS (53.3%; 65/122) compared with TS (47.8%; 87/182), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .175). Conclusions UTS is widely implemented in Latin America; however, the low detection rate of LS demonstrated in this study raises concerns about the routine use of germline genetic testing in our region. Our study provides real-world outcomes that highlight disparities in screening uptake and counseling referrals, illustrating the challenges that Latin American countries face in hereditary cancer syndrome screening. These results contribute to the rationale for designing effective screening strategies for LS, which may also be applicable to other hereditary cancer syndromes, ultimately. Description: Artículo

MLH1 Methylation Status and Microsatellite Instability in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Sat, 01 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: MLH1 Methylation Status and Microsatellite Instability in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Authors: Rico Méndez, Manuel Alejandro; Trujillo Rojas, Miguel Angel; Ayala Madrigal, María de la Luz; Hernández Sandoval, Jesús Arturo; González Mercado, Anahí; Gutiérrez Angulo, Melva; Romero Quintana, José Geovanni; Valenzuela Pérez, Jesús Alonso; Ramírez Ramírez, Ruth; Flores López, Beatriz Armida; Moreno Ortiz, José Miguel Abstract: Background/Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to compare the methylation of five regions of the CpG island of MLH1 with the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: The study analyzed 138 CRC tumor samples. DNA extraction was performed, followed by bisulfite conversion. MLH1 gene methylation was assessed by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR), and the resulting fragments were analyzed using polyacrylamide gels. MSI was evaluated using multiplex PCR, and the fragments were run through capillary electrophoresis. R studio (v4.4.1) and SPSS (v29.0) software were used for the statistical analysis, and values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The study showed 75.4% unmethylated, 21% partially methylated, and 3.6% fully methylated samples, with region A frequently methylated. MSI was observed in 7.2% of cases (MSI-H: 5.8%, MSI-L: 1.4%). BAT-26 was the most unstable marker. A significant difference between MLH1 methylation and MSI-H (p < 0.01) was identified, but there was no relationship with specific MLH1 regions. Conclusions: No differences were identified when analyzing specific methylation regions in relation to MSI. This study is the first to describe MSI frequency in Mexican patients regardless of age. Description: Artículo

The influence of stainless steel crowns placed on primary teeth on biochemical parameters in GCF: A systematic review

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: The influence of stainless steel crowns placed on primary teeth on biochemical parameters in GCF: A systematic review Authors: Alarcón Sánchez, Mario Alberto; Becerra Ruíz, Julieta Sarai; Rodríguez Montaño, Ruth; Lomelí Martínez, Sarah Monserrat; Fiorillo, Luca; Heboyan, Artak Abstract: Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate, identify, and summarize the existing literature on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of primary teeth restored with stainless steel crowns (SSC) versus control teeth. Materials and methods: The systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (ID): 10.17605/OSF.IO/39U4D. In addition, it was prepared following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Five electronic databases were used to identify studies for this systematic review: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from January 10, 1999, to September 15, 2024. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (cross-sectional studies) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias for Randomized Trials (RoB 2.0) in randomized clinical trials. Results: The review includes four studies (two cross-sectional and two randomized clinical trials). A total of 75 children aged 3 to 10 years were studied. GCF samples were taken from 98 upper and lower molars rehabilitated with SSC and control teeth (without SSC). ELISA analyzed all samples. This way, the levels of four proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, were determined. The studies reported significant differences between both study groups: IL-1β: 27.30 versus 23.56 p < 0.05; MIP-1α: 682.55 versus 197.60 p < 0.05; and MIP-1β: 884.35 versus 287.85, p < 0.05. Conclusions: This systematic review provides a comprehensive and current overview of the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines present in GCF, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children with SSC. IL-1β, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β levels increased in the GCF of upper and lower molars rehabilitated with stainless steel crowns compared to control primary teeth. Description: Artículo