Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals

Abstract

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Nanohybrid of Thymol and 2D Simonkolleite Enhances Inhibition of Bacterial Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Free Radicals by Carlos Velázquez-Carriles 1,María Esther Macías-Rodríguez 1ORCID,Omar Ramírez-Alvarado 1,Rosa Isela Corona-González 2,Adriana Macías-Lamas 1,Ismael García-Vera 1ORCID,Adriana Cavazos-Garduño 1,Zuamí Villagrán 3ORCID andJorge Manuel Silva-Jara 1,*ORCID 1 Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico 2 Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico 3 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Mexico * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6161; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196161 Received: 3 August 2022 / Revised: 14 September 2022 / Accepted: 16 September 2022 / Published: 20 September 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyphenol-Based Multifunctional Materials) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Due to the current concerns against opportunistic pathogens and the challenge of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, alternatives to control pathogen growth are required. In this sense, this work offers a new nanohybrid composed of zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Simonkolleite) and thymol for preventing bacterial growth. Materials were characterized with XRD diffraction, FTIR and UV–Vis spectra, SEM microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was confirmed that the Simonkolleite structure was obtained, and thymol was adsorbed on the hydroxide in a web-like manner, with a concentration of 0.863 mg thymol/mg of ZnLHS. Absorption kinetics was described with non-linear models, and a pseudo-second-order equation was the best fit. The antibacterial test was conducted against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains, producing inhibition halos of 21 and 24 mm, respectively, with a 10 mg/mL solution of thymol–ZnLHS. Moreover, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition was tested, with over 90% inhibition. Nanohybrids exhibited antioxidant activity with ABTS and DPPH evaluations, confirming the presence of the biomolecule in the inorganic matrix. These results can be used to develop a thymol protection vehicle for applications in food, pharmaceutics, odontology, or biomedical industries.